Kodi siteshoni ya maziko ndi chiyani?
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nkhani ngati izi zakhala zikuonekera nthawi ndi nthawi:
Eni nyumba adatsutsa kumangidwa kwa malo oyambira ndipo adadula zingwe zamagetsi paokha, ndipo ogwira ntchito atatu akuluakulu adagwira ntchito limodzi kuti agwetse malo onse oyambira m'paki.
Ngakhale kwa anthu wamba, masiku ano, pamene intaneti yam'manja yalowa m'mbali zonse za moyo, adzakhala ndi nzeru zoyambira: zizindikiro za foni yam'manja zimatulutsidwa ndi malo oyambira. Ndiye kodi malo oyambira amaoneka bwanji?
Dongosolo lonse la siteshoni ya maziko limapangidwa ndi BBU, RRU ndi dongosolo lodyetsa ma antenna (antenna).
Pakati pawo, BBU (Base band Unite, baseband processing unit) ndiye chida chachikulu kwambiri pa siteshoni ya base. Nthawi zambiri imayikidwa m'chipinda chobisika cha kompyuta ndipo anthu wamba sangachione. BBU ili ndi udindo wokonza ma signaling ndi deta ya netiweki yayikulu ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Ma protocol ndi ma algorithms ovuta kwambiri pakulankhulana pafoni zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu BBU. Tinganenenso kuti siteshoni ya base ndi BBU.
Kuchokera pa mawonekedwe ake, BBU ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi bokosi lalikulu la kompyuta ya pakompyuta, koma kwenikweni, BBU ndi yofanana ndi seva yodzipereka (osati yogwiritsira ntchito makompyuta ambiri). Ntchito zake zazikulu zimachitika m'mitundu iwiri. Ma key board amapangidwa ndi main control board ndi baseband board.
Chithunzi pamwambapa ndi chimango cha BBU. Zikuoneka bwino kuti pali mipata 8 yofanana ndi ma drawer mu chimango cha BBU, ndipo bolodi lalikulu lowongolera ndi bolodi la baseband zitha kuyikidwa m'mipata iyi, ndi chimango cha BBU Mabolodi angapo owongolera ndi mabodi a baseband amafunika kuyikidwa, makamaka kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo oyambira omwe atsegulidwa. Mabolodi ambiri akayikidwa, mphamvu ya malo oyambira imakhala yochulukirapo, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri amatha kutumikiridwa nthawi imodzi.
Bolodi lalikulu lowongolera lili ndi udindo wokonza ma signaling (RRC signaling) kuchokera ku netiweki yayikulu ndi foni yam'manja ya wogwiritsa ntchito, lili ndi udindo wolumikizana ndi kulumikizana ndi netiweki yayikulu, komanso lili ndi udindo wolandira zambiri zolumikizirana ndi GPS ndi zambiri zoyikira.
RRU (Remote Radio Unit) poyamba idayikidwa mu chimango cha BBU. Kale inkatchedwa RFU (Radio Frequency Unit). Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha chizindikiro cha baseband chomwe chimatumizidwa kuchokera ku bolodi la baseband kudzera mu ulusi wowala kukhala gulu la ma frequency lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi woyendetsa. Chizindikiro cha ma frequency apamwamba chimatumizidwa ku antenna kudzera mu feeder. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa kutayika kwa transmission ya feeder kunapezeka kuti ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ngati RFU yayikidwa mu chimango cha BBU ndikuyikidwa mu chipinda cha makina, ndipo antenna ikapachikidwa pa nsanja yakutali, mtunda wa transmission ya feeder ndi wautali kwambiri ndipo kutayika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, choncho ingochotsani RFU. Gwiritsani ntchito ulusi wowala (kutayika kwa transmission ya ulusi wowala ndi kochepa) kuti mupachike pa nsanja pamodzi ndi antenna, kotero imakhala RRU, yomwe ndi gawo la wailesi yakutali.
Pomaliza, antenna yomwe aliyense amaiona nthawi zambiri m'misewu ndi m'misewu ya mzinda ndi antenna yomwe imatumiza chizindikiro cha opanda zingwe. Magawo odziyimira pawokha a LTE kapena 5G antenna okhala ndi ma transceiver ambiri, amapereka mauthenga ambiri a data omwe angatumizidwe nthawi imodzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa deta komwe kumatumizidwa kumawonjezeka.
Pa ma antenna a 4G, mayunitsi okwana 8 odziyimira pawokha a transceiver amatha kupangidwa, kotero pali ma interface 8 pakati pa RRU ndi antenna. Ma interface 8 omwe ali pansi pa RRU ya njira 8 akuwoneka bwino pachithunzi pamwambapa, pomwe chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa Ndi antenna ya njira 8 yokhala ndi ma interface 8.
Ma interface 8 pa RRU ayenera kulumikizidwa ku ma interface 8 pa antenna kudzera m'ma feeder 8, kotero kuti waya wakuda nthawi zambiri umawonekera pa antenna pole.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2021