Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa makina a siteshoni ya 5G ndi 4G?

1. RRU ndi antenna zaphatikizidwa (zayamba kale kuonekera)

5G imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waukulu wa MIMO (onani 5G Basic Knowledge Course for Busy People (6)-Massive MIMO: The Real Big Killer of 5G and 5G Basic Knowledge Course for Busy People (8)-NSA kapena SA? Ili ndi funso lofunika kuliganizira), antenna yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ili ndi ma transceiver odziyimira pawokha omangidwa mkati mpaka 64.

Popeza palibe njira yoikira ma feeder 64 pansi pa antenna ndikuyiyika pamtengo, opanga zida za 5G aphatikiza RRU ndi antenna kukhala chipangizo chimodzi - AAU (Active Antenna Unit).

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Monga mukuonera pa dzinalo, A yoyamba mu AAU imatanthauza RRU (RRU imagwira ntchito ndipo imafuna magetsi kuti igwire ntchito, pomwe antenna ndi yosagwira ntchito ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda magetsi), ndipo AU yomaliza imatanthauza antenna.

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Maonekedwe a AAU akuoneka ngati antenna yachikhalidwe. Pakati pa chithunzi pamwambapa pali 5G AAU, ndipo kumanzere ndi kumanja ndi antenna yachikhalidwe ya 4G. Komabe, ngati muchotsa AAU:

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Mungathe kuona ma transceiver odziyimira pawokha odzaza mkati, ndithudi, chiwerengero chonse ndi 64.

Ukadaulo wotumizira ulusi wa kuwala pakati pa BBU ndi RRU (AAU) wakwezedwa (wayamba kale)

Mu ma network a 4G, BBU ndi RRU amafunika kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wowala kuti alumikizane, ndipo muyezo wotumizira chizindikiro cha ma radio frequency mu ulusi wowala umatchedwa CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface).

CPRI imatumiza deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito pakati pa BBU ndi RRU mu 4G ndipo palibe cholakwika ndi izi. Komabe, mu 5G, chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo monga Massive MIMO, mphamvu ya selo limodzi la 5G imatha kufika nthawi zoposa 10 kuposa 4G, zomwe ndizofanana ndi BBU ndi AAU. Kuchuluka kwa deta pakati pa ma transmissions kuyenera kufika nthawi zoposa 10 kuposa 4G.

Ngati mupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa CPRI, bandwidth ya fiber optical ndi module ya optical idzawonjezeka ndi nthawi za N, ndipo mtengo wa fiber optical ndi module ya optical udzawonjezekanso kangapo. Chifukwa chake, kuti asunge ndalama, ogulitsa zida zolumikizirana adasintha protocol ya CPRI kukhala eCPRI. Kusintha kumeneku ndikosavuta kwambiri. Ndipotu, node yotumizira ya CPRI imasunthidwa kuchokera ku gawo loyambirira la thupi ndi ma wailesi kupita ku gawo la thupi, ndipo gawo lachikhalidwe la thupi limagawidwa kukhala gawo lapamwamba la thupi ndi gawo lotsika la thupi.

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3. Kugawanika kwa BBU: kulekanitsa CU ndi DU (sikungatheke kwa kanthawi)

Mu nthawi ya 4G, siteshoni ya BBU ili ndi ntchito zonse ziwiri zowongolera (makamaka pa bolodi lalikulu lowongolera) ndi ntchito za gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito (bolodi lalikulu lowongolera ndi bolodi la baseband). Pali vuto:

Siteshoni iliyonse ya base imayang'anira kutumiza deta yakeyake ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms akeake. Palibe mgwirizano pakati pawo. Ngati ntchito yowongolera, ndiko kuti, ntchito ya ubongo, ingachotsedwe, malo ambiri a base akhoza kulamulidwa nthawi imodzi kuti akwaniritse kutumiza deta ndi kusokonezana kogwirizana. Mgwirizano, kodi mphamvu yotumizira deta idzakhala yapamwamba kwambiri?

Mu netiweki ya 5G, tikufuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zili pamwambapa pogawa BBU, ndipo ntchito yolamulira pakati ndi CU (Centralized Unit), ndipo siteshoni yoyambira yokhala ndi ntchito yolamulira yolekanitsidwa imatsala yokha kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza ndi kutumiza deta. Ntchitoyo imakhala DU (Distributed Unit), kotero dongosolo la siteshoni yoyambira ya 5G limakhala:

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Pansi pa kapangidwe kake komwe CU ndi DU zimalekanitsidwa, netiweki yotumizira magiya yasinthidwanso moyenera. Gawo la kutsogolo lasunthidwa pakati pa DU ndi AAU, ndipo netiweki ya midhaul yawonjezedwa pakati pa CU ndi DU.

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Komabe, cholinga chake ndi chodzaza kwambiri, ndipo zenizeni zake n'zochepa kwambiri. Kulekanitsa CU ndi DU kumaphatikizapo zinthu monga kuthandizira unyolo wa mafakitale, kumanganso zipinda zamakompyuta, kugula kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Sizidzachitika kwa kanthawi. 5G BBU yomwe ilipo pakadali pano ikadali motere, ndipo ilibe chochita ndi 4G BBU.

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Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2021